VGG块

定义了一个名为vgg_block的函数来实现一个VGG块

import torch
from torch import nn
from d2l import torch as d2l

def vgg_block(num_convs, in_channels, out_channels):
    layers = []
    for _ in range(num_convs):
        layers.append(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels,
                                kernel_size=3, padding=1))
        layers.append(nn.ReLU())
        in_channels = out_channels
    layers.append(nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2,stride=2))
    return nn.Sequential(*layers)

VGG网络

与AlexNet、LeNet一样，VGG网络可以分为两部分：第一部分主要由卷积层和汇聚层组成，第二部分由全连接层组成。
VGG神经网络连接的几个VGG块（在vgg_block函数中定义）。其中有超参数变量conv_arch。该变量指定了每个VGG块里卷积层个数和输出通道数。全连接模块则与AlexNet中的相同。

原始VGG网络有5个卷积块，其中前两个块各有一个卷积层，后三个块各包含两个卷积层。 第一个模块有64个输出通道，每个后续模块将输出通道数量翻倍，直到该数字达到512。由于该网络使用8个卷积层和3个全连接层，因此它通常被称为VGG-11。

conv_arch = ((1, 64), (1, 128), (2, 256), (2, 512), (2, 512))

实现VGG11

def vgg(conv_arch):
    conv_blks = []
    in_channels = 1
    # 卷积层部分
    for (num_convs, out_channels) in conv_arch:
        conv_blks.append(vgg_block(num_convs, in_channels, out_channels))
        in_channels = out_channels

    return nn.Sequential(
        *conv_blks, nn.Flatten(),
        # 全连接层部分
        nn.Linear(out_channels * 7 * 7, 4096), nn.ReLU(), nn.Dropout(0.5),
        nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(), nn.Dropout(0.5),
        nn.Linear(4096, 10))

net = vgg(conv_arch)

构建一个高度和宽度为224的单通道数据样本，以观察每个层输出的形状。

X = torch.randn(size=(1, 1, 224, 224))
for blk in net:
    X = blk(X)
    print(blk.__class__.__name__,'output shape:\t',X.shape)

Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 64, 112, 112])
Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 128, 56, 56])
Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 256, 28, 28])
Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 512, 14, 14])
Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 512, 7, 7])
Flatten output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 25088])
Linear output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 10])

训练模型

# 由于Fashion-MNIST数据集比较简单，缩放前面几个块的通道数,足够训练这个数据集
ratio = 4 # 设置比例
small_conv_arch = [(pair[0], pair[1] // ratio) for pair in conv_arch]
net = vgg(small_conv_arch)

X = torch.randn(size=(1, 1, 224, 224))
for blk in net:
    X = blk(X)
    print(blk.__class__.__name__,'output shape:\t',X.shape)

Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 16, 112, 112])
Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 32, 56, 56])
Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 64, 28, 28])
Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 128, 14, 14])
Sequential output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 128, 7, 7])
Flatten output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 6272])
Linear output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape:	 torch.Size([1, 10])

lr, num_epochs, batch_size = 0.05, 10, 128
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=224)
d2l.train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, d2l.try_gpu())

loss 0.181, train acc 0.933, test acc 0.919
378.9 examples/sec on cuda:0

· 本文使用了大量d2l包，这极大地减少了代码编辑量，需要安装d2l包才能运行本文代码
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